“Simscape enables us to create a comprehensive model of the engine appropriate for our design tasks that is easily understood by all teams. Closed-loop simulations of the ECU and engine performed in Simulink, completed as early as possible, are essential to our front-loaded development process.”
Dr. Hisahiro Ito, Toyota Motor Corporation
随着汽车制造商努力提高燃油效率，减少的排放和更好的驾驶体验，发动机控制单元（ECU）软件越来越复杂。特别是，对排放的更严格的规定需要精确控制空气燃料混合物和燃烧时机。
借助如此复杂的系统和严格的要求，在开发后期发现的缺陷或设计缺陷会导致重大的返工和成本超支。为了避免这些问题，至关重要的是，在ECU开发过程的早期，对发动机进行准确的模拟模型至关重要。丰田汽车公司工程师开发了一种发动机型号，该型号用于卸载其开发过程，从而实现了生产车辆计划中的模型（MIL）和软件（SIL）测试。
Toyota助理经理Hisahiro Ito博士说：“基于模型的设计的前负载开发使我们能够缩短开发周期并最大程度地减少返工，这使我们能够比竞争对手更早提供产品。”s manbetx 845“使用MATLAB，SIMU万博1manbetxLINK和SIMSCAPE，我们在单个环境中创建控制软件，植物模型和闭环模拟器，从而大大简化了控制系统的开发。”
之前,丰田的工程师测试只有小的子sets of ECU functionality with relatively simple plant models, which prevented them from testing and optimizing the control software. To ensure optimal operation of a new engine, they needed an engine model that covered the entire engine, including the fuel, combustion, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. The engineers needed to model system behavior by directly implementing equations describing these systems.
Toyota engineers needed to improve the flexibility and scalability of their SIL and MIL technologies to more efficiently develop the ECU. Engineers needed the SIL environment to support simulated CAN bus communication between ECUs, source-level debugging of control code, and the correct execution order of interrupt service routine (ISR) and timer tasks.
丰田工程师使用SIMScape™开发了包括数千个方程式的发动机型号。该模型启用了基于基于模型的ECU软件设计的前加载开发过程。
The engineers used the Simscape language to create a custom physical domain consisting of multiple gas types, including air, fuel vapor, and burned gas. They created custom component models to represent the combustion cylinder and air-path (including the EGR). By combining these models with component models provided in Simscape, they were able to model the torque converter, automatic transmission, and other drivetrain components.
They assembled these components in Simscape using a physical network approach to create acausal models. These acausal models were combined with a data-driven causal model of the combustion dynamics developed using Simulink®和基于模型的校准Toolbox™。
To develop an executable specification of the ECU algorithms in Simulink and Stateflow®, they employed MIL simulation with Simulink to analyze the design of new control logic while taking into account the dynamics of the connected plant.
使用Simulink Coder™从控制模型生成代码后，Toyota工程师使用SIL测试来验证低级驱动程序，万博1manbetxISRS和计时器的精确执行顺序以及其他无法通过MIL Simulation进行测试的详细信息。与SIL一起，工程师使用了Microsoft®Visual Studio®for source-level debugging of control code. Breakpoints set in the code paused the simulation in Simulink, enabling the engineers to examine the state of control variables before resuming execution.
Using model-and-software-in-the-loop simulation (SIL+M), engineers develop a new control module as a model, which is then integrated with the control software. SIL+M is expected to further front-load ECU development by enabling engineers to incorporate new control logic into the complete control system.
在MATLAB工作®，工程师在参数优化过程中自动化模拟，并对模拟和测试结果进行了数据分析。
丰田目前在发动机控制，传输控制和混合电动控制系统的开发中使用基于模型的设计的前载开发。
开发了全面的引擎模型。Ito博士说：“与因果建模方法相比，SIMSCAPE启用的植物建模工作流程更快，更健壮，我们使用SIMSCAPE构建的植物模型以直观而直接的方式代表物理系统。”“ SIMSCAPE使我们能够创建和模拟包含数千个方程式的综合引擎模型。使用因果方法，这是不可能的。”
Designs verified early in development。Ito博士说：“通过基于模型的设计和SIL模拟，我们可以更早地验证新的控制设计。”“例如，我们通过闭环模拟验证了具有CAN配置的发动机控制和传输控制软件，这使我们能够充满信心地进行车载测试。”
Difficult-to-test conditions simulated。Ito博士说：“我们使用Simulink创建的SIL平台使工程师能够万博1manbetx在各种操作条件下对控制软件进行精细颗粒检查，这些操作条件很难在实际车辆或原型测试环境中安排。”
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