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MOS互连和串扰

This example shows how to build and simulate an RC tree circuit using the RF Toolbox™.

In "Asymptotic Waveform Evaluation for Timing Analysis" (IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design, Vol., 9, No. 4, April 1990), Pillage and Rohrer presented and simulated an RC tree circuit that models signal integrity and crosstalk in low- to mid-frequency MOS circuit interconnect. This example confirms their simulations using RF Toolbox software.

在下图中复制的它们的电路由11个电阻和12个电容器组成。在纸上,掠夺和罗勒:

  • 应用坡道电压输入

  • Compute transient responses

  • 绘制两个不同电容器上的输出电压,C7andC12

图1:An RC tree model of MOS interconnect with crosstalk.

With RF Toolbox, you can programmatically construct this circuit in MATLAB and perform signal integrity simulations.

此示例显示:

  1. 如何使用circuit,,,,电阻,,,,andcapacitor和the添加函数以编程方式构造电路。

  2. 如何使用克隆,,,,setports,,,,andSparametersobjects to calculate S-parameters for each desired output over a wide frequency range.

  3. 如何使用S2TFZsource = 0andzload = Inf要计算从输入到每个所需输出的电压传输函数。

  4. 如何使用rationalfitfunction to produce rational-function approximations that capture the ideal RC-circuit behavior to a very high degree of accuracy.

  5. 如何使用计时器function to compute the transient response to the input voltage waveform.

将节点编号插入电路图

在构建电路之前使用电阻andcapacitorobjects, we must number the nodes of the circuit shown in figure 1.

图2:这circuit drawn with node numbers

编程构建电路

创建一个circuitand use the添加function to populate the circuit with named电阻andcapacitor对象。

ckt =电路('相声');添加(ckt,[2 1],resistor(10,'r1')添加(CKT,[2 0],电容器(0.114E-12,,'C1')添加(CKT,[3 2],电阻器(72,,'r2')添加(电路,3 0],capacitor(1.238e-12,'C2')添加(CKT,[4 3],电阻器(34,,'r3')添加(CKT,[4 0],电容器(0.021E-12,'C3')添加(电路,5 4],resistor(96,'r4')添加([5 0]电路,电容器(0.028 e-12,'C4')添加(CKT,[6 5],电阻器(72,,'r5')添加(CKT,[6 0],电容器(0.007E-12,,'C5')添加(CKT,[7 6],电阻器(10,'r6')添加(电路,7 0],capacitor(1.048e-12,'C6')添加(电路,8 7],resistor(120,'r7')添加(CKT,[8 0],电容器(0.47E-12,,'C7')添加(CKT,[12 8],电阻器(24,,,'R8')添加(CKT,[12 0],电容器(0.2E-12,,'C8')添加(电路,10 2],resistor(48,'R9')添加(CKT,[10 0],电容器(0.007E-12,,'C9')添加(CKT,[11 10],电阻器(24,,,'r10')添加(CKT,[11 0],电容器(0.2E-12,,'C10')添加(电路,9 8],capacitor(0.1e-12,'C11')添加(电路,9 0],resistor(1000,'R11')添加(CKT,[9 0],电容器(1E-12,,'C12'))

Simulation Setup

这input signal used by Pillage and Rohrer is a voltage ramp from 0 to 5 volts with a rise time of one nanosecond and a duration of ten nanoseconds. The following MATLAB code models this signal with 1000 timepoints with asampleTime0.01纳秒。

以下MATLAB代码也使用logspace函数生成101个对数间隔分析频率在1 Hz和100 GHz之间的矢量。指定一组频率点可提高模拟精度。

SampleTime = 1E-11;t =(0:1000)'*sampletime;输入= [(0:100)'*(5/100);(101:1000)'*0+5];freq = logspace(0,11,101)';

计算每个2端口网络的S参数

To calculate the response across both theC7andC12capacitors, two separate S-parameter calculations must be made: first, assuming theC7capacitor represents the output port, and second, assuming theC12电容器代表输出端口。为每个设置计算S-参数:

  1. 复制原始电路CKTusing the克隆功能。

  2. 使用该网络的输入和输出端口使用setports功能。

  3. 使用Sparametersobject.

Calculate S-parameters withC7电容器代表输出端口。

CKTC7 =克隆(CKT);setports(cktc7,[1 0],[8 0])s_c7 = sparameters(cktc7,freq);

Calculate S-parameters withC12电容器代表输出端口。

CKTC12= clone(ckt); setports(cktC12,[1 0],[9 0]) S_C12 = sparameters(cktC12,freq);

Simulate Each 2-Port Network

To simulate each network:

  1. S2TF功能,带option = 2,,,,computes the gain from the source voltage to the output voltage. It allows arbitrary source and load impedances, in this caseZsource = 0andzload = Inf。这resulting transfer functionsTFC7andtfC12是频率依赖的数据向量,可以符合理性功能近似。

  2. rationalfitfunction generates high-accuracy rational-function approximations. The resulting approximations match the networks to machine accuracy.

  3. 计时器函数计算由理性函数近似定义的状态空间方程的分析解决方案。这种方法足够快,可以使人们通过频道推动一百万个位。

SimulateCKTC7circuit.

TFC7 = S2TF(S_C7,0,INF,2);FITC7 = RationalFit(FREQ,TFC7);outputc7 = timeresp(FITC7,输入,sampletime);

SimulateCKTC12circuit.

tfC12 = s2tf(S_C12,0,Inf,2); fitC12 = rationalfit(freq,tfC12); outputC12 = timeresp(fitC12,input,sampleTime);

Plot Transient Responses

输出匹配掠夺和罗勒纸的23和24。绘制低频至中频MOS电路与串扰互连的坡道响应。

figure plot(t,input,t,outputC7,'行宽',,,,2) axis([0 2.5e-9 0 5.5]); title(“低到中频MOS电路与串扰互连的坡道响应”);Xlabel('Time (sec)');ylabel(“电压(伏)”);legend('Vinput',,,,'V(C7)',,,,'Location',,,,'西北');

图包含一个轴。具有标题坡道响应的轴与中高频MOS电路与串扰的互连包含2个类型线对象。这些对象表示Vinput,V(C7)。

Plot crosstalk in low- to mid-frequency MOS circuit interconnect with ramp input.

图图(t,输入,T,outputc12,'行宽',,,,2) axis([0 5e-9 0 .5]) title('Crosstalk in Low- to Mid-Frequency MOS Circuit Interconnect with Ramp Input')Xlabel('Time (sec)')ylabel(“电压(伏)”) 传奇('Vinput',,,,'V(C12)',,,,'Location',,,,'NorthEast'

图包含一个轴。具有标题串扰的轴以低至中间的MOS电路与坡道输入互连包含2个类型线的对象。这些对象表示Vinput,V(C12)。

Verify Rational Fit Outside Fit Range

Though not shown in this example, you can also use thefreqresp功能检查行为rationalfit在指定频率范围内的功能很好。指定范围之外的拟合有时会导致令人惊讶的行为,尤其是如果未提供0 Hz(DC)附近的频率数据。

To perform this check for the rational-function approximation in this example, uncomment and run the following MATLAB code.

% widerFreqs = logspace(0,12,1001);% respC7 = freqresp(fitC7,widerFreqs);% figure%loglog(freq,abs(tfc7),'+',widerfreqs,abs(respc7))%respc12 = freqresp(FITC12,widerfreqs);% figure% loglog(freq,abs(tfC12),'+',widerFreqs,abs(respC12))

For example on how to build and simulate this RC tree circuit using RFCKT objects, seeMOS互连和串扰Using RFCKT Objects

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