Supported File Formats for Import and Export
The ideal workflow to import data into MATLAB®取决于您的数据格式以及您的个人喜好。您可以以编程方式导入数据或使用专门的工作流程。最常见的解决方案是使用为您的数据量身定制的函数以编程方式导入数据。
当您将数据导入MATLAB工作空间时,您创建的新变量覆盖具有相同名称的工作区中的任何现有变量。
Importing Files Programmatically
MATLAB包括针对导入特定文件格式的量身定制的功能。当您想导入整个文件或仅一部分文件时,请考虑使用特定于格式的功能。许多格式特定功能提供了选择范围或数据部分的选项。某些格式特定的功能允许您请求多个可选输出。
This table shows the file formats that you can import and export from the MATLAB application.
文件内容 |
Extension |
Description |
导入功能 |
导出功能 |
---|---|---|---|---|
MATLAB格式数据 | MAT |
Saved MATLAB workspace |
||
Partial access of variables in MATLAB workspace |
matfile |
matfile |
||
Text |
任何, including: |
Delimited numbers |
||
划界数字或文本和数字的混合 |
none | |||
Column-oriented delimited numbers or a mix of text and numbers |
||||
纯文本 | ||||
Spreadsheet |
XLS XLSB(系统Microsoft®Excel®for Windows®只要) XLTM (import only) ODS (Systems withMicrosoft Excelfor Windows only) |
Column-oriented data in worksheet or range of spreadsheet |
||
可扩展标记语言 | XML |
XML-formatted text |
||
Parquet formatted data | PARQUET | Column-oriented data in Parquet format | parquetread |
parquetwrite |
数据采集工具箱™文件 | DAQ |
数据采集工具箱 |
none | |
Scientific data |
提供 |
通用数据格式 |
See通用数据格式 |
See |
FITS |
灵活的图像传输系统 |
See适合文件 |
See适合文件 |
|
HDF |
分层数据格式, version 4, or HDF-EOS v. 2 |
SeeHDF4 Files |
SeeHDF4 Files |
|
H5 |
HDF or HDF-EOS, version 5 |
SeeHDF5 Files |
SeeHDF5 Files |
|
NC |
Network Common Data Form (netCDF) |
SeeNetCDF Files |
SeeNetCDF Files |
|
Image data | BMP |
Windows Bitmap |
||
GIF |
Graphics Interchange Format |
|||
HDF |
分层数据格式 |
|||
JPEG |
Joint Photographic Experts Group |
|||
JP2 |
JPEG 2000 |
|||
PBM |
Portable Bitmap | |||
PCX |
Paintbrush |
|||
PGM |
便携式灰斑 | |||
PNG |
便携式网络图形 |
|||
PNM |
便携式任何地图 |
|||
PPM |
Portable Pixmap |
|||
拉 |
Sun™ Raster |
|||
tiff |
Tagged Image File Format |
|||
XWD |
X Window Dump |
|||
CUR |
Windows cursor resources |
none | ||
ICO |
Windows icon resources |
|||
声音的 (all platforms) |
AU |
NeXT/Sun sound |
||
AIFF |
Audio Interchange File Format |
|||
AIFC |
Audio Interchange File Format, with compression codecs |
|||
FLAC |
免费无损音频编解码器 |
|||
OGG |
Ogg Vorbis |
|||
OPUS | Ogg Opus | |||
WAV |
Microsoft Wave声音 |
|||
声音的 (Windows) |
M4A |
mpeg - 4 |
audioread |
audiowrite |
任何 |
Formats supported by Microsoft Media Foundation |
audioread |
none | |
声音的 (Mac) |
M4A |
mpeg - 4 |
audioread |
audiowrite |
声音的 (Linux®) |
任何 |
GSTREAME万博1manbetxR支持的格式 |
audioread |
none |
Video(所有平台) |
AVI |
Audio Video Interleave |
||
MJ2 |
Motion JPEG 2000 |
|||
视频 (Windows) | MPG |
mpeg - 1 |
录像师 |
none |
ASF |
Windows Media® |
|||
任何 |
由Microso万博1manbetxft DirectShow支持的格式® |
|||
视频 (Windows 7或者later) | MP4 |
mpeg - 4 |
录像师 |
VideoWriter |
MOV |
QuickTime |
录像师 |
none | |
任何 |
Formats supported by Microsoft Media Foundation |
|||
视频 (Mac) | MP4 |
mpeg - 4 |
录像师 |
VideoWriter |
MPG |
mpeg - 1 |
录像师 |
none | |
MOV |
QuickTime |
|||
任何 |
Formats supported byQuickTime, including |
|||
视频 (Linux) |
任何 |
Formats supported by your installed GStreamer plug-ins, including |
录像师 |
none |
Triangulation |
STL |
Stereolithography | StlRead |
stlwrite |
Low-level files | 任何text format | 低级二进制text data | fread |
fwrite |
任何 | 低级二进制 | fscanf |
fprintf |
|
任何text format | Formatted data from a text file or string | textscan |
none |
Workflows for Specialized Data Formats
Memory-Mapping for Binary Data
For binary data files, consider theOverview of Memory-Mapping。内存映射使您可以使用标准MATLAB索引操作访问文件数据。内存映射是一种磁盘上的文件或整个文件的一部分,将其映射到应用程序地址空间中的一系列地址。然后,应用程序可以以访问动态内存的方式在磁盘上访问文件。内存映射的主要好处是效率,更快的文件访问,在应用程序之间共享内存的能力以及更有效的编码。
专门进口MATLAB工具箱
MATLAB toolboxes perform specialized import operations. For example, use Database Toolbox™ software for importing data from relational databases. Refer to the documentation on specific toolboxes to see the available import features.
网页服务for Reading and Writing Data
You can use web services such as a RESTful or WSDL to read and write data in an internet media type format such as JSON, XML, image, or text. For more information, see:
使用低级IO读取数据
If the format-specific functions cannot read your data and the specialized workflows do not fit your needs, uselow-level I/O functionssuch asfscanf
或者fread
。Low-level functions allow the most control over reading from a file, but they require detailed knowledge of the structure of your data. This workflow is not commonly used.