Symbols

When you create a Simulink^®model, you can use symbols to provide values and definitions for many types of entities in the model. Model entities that you can define with symbols include block parameters, configuration set parameters, data types, signals, signal properties, and bus architecture.

A symbol that provides a value or definition must be a legal MATLAB^®identifier. Such an identifier starts with an alphabetic character, followed by alphanumeric or underscore characters up to the length given by the functionnamelengthmax. You can use the functionisvarnameto determine whether a symbol is a legal MATLAB identifier.

A symbol provides a value or definition in a Simulink model by corresponding to some item that:

Symbol Resolution Process

The process of finding an item that corresponds to a symbol is calledsymbol resolutionorresolving the symbol. The matching item can provide the needed information directly, or it can itself be a symbol. A symbol must resolve to some other item that provides the information.

When the Simulink software compiles a model, it tries to resolve every symbol in the model, except symbols in MATLAB code that runs in a callback or as part of mask initialization. Depending on the particular case, the item to which a symbol resolves can be a variable, object, or function.

Simulink attempts to resolve a symbol by searching through the accessible workspaces in hierarchical order for a MATLAB variable or Simulink object whose name is the same as the symbol.

The search path is identical for every symbol. The search begins with the block that uses the symbol, or is the source of a signal that is named by the symbol, and proceeds upward. Except when simulation occurs via thesimcommand, the search order is:

If Simulink finds a matching item in the course of this search, the search terminates successfully at that point, and the symbol resolves to the matching item. The result is the same as if the value of that item had appeared literally instead of the symbol that resolved to the item. An object defined at a lower level shadows any object defined at a higher level.

If no matching item exists on the search path, Simulink attempts to evaluate the symbol as a function. If the function is defined and returns an appropriate value, the symbol resolves to whatever the function returned. Otherwise, the symbol remains unresolved, and an error occurs. Evaluation as a function occurs as the final step whenever a hierarchical search terminates without having found a matching workspace variable.

If the model that contains the symbol is a referenced model, and the search reaches the model workspace but does not succeed there, the search jumps directly to the base workspace or data dictionarywithout试图解决的符号在工作区中ny parent model. Thus a given symbol resolves to the same item, irrespective of whether the model that contains the symbol is a referenced model. For information about model referencing, seeModel References.

Numeric Values with Symbols

You can specify any block parameter that requires a numeric value by providing a literal value, a symbol, or an expression, which can contain symbols and literal values. Each symbol is resolved separately, as if none of the others existed. Different symbols in an expression can thus resolve to items on different workspaces, and to different types of item.

When a single symbol appears and resolves successfully, its value provides the value of the parameter. When an expression appears, and all symbols resolve successfully, the value of the expression provides the value of the parameter. If any symbol cannot be resolved, or resolves to a value of inappropriate type, an error occurs.

For example, suppose that theGainparameter of a Gain block is given ascos(a*(b+2)). The symbolcoswill resolve to the MATLAB cosine function, andaandbmust resolve to numeric values, which can be obtained from the same or different types of items in the same or different workspaces. If the symbols resolve to numeric values, the value returned by the cosine function becomes the value of theGainparameter.

Other Values with Symbols

Most symbols and expressions that use them provide numeric values, but the same techniques that provide numeric values can provide any type of value that is appropriate for its context.

Another common use of symbols is to name objects that provide definitions of some kind. For example, a signal name can resolve to a signal object (Simulink.Signal) that defines the properties of the signal, and aBus CreatorblockData typeparameter can name a bus object (Simulink.Bus) that defines the properties of the bus. You can use symbols for many purposes, including:

For hierarchical symbol resolution, all of these different uses of symbols, whether singly or in expressions, are the same. Each symbol is resolved, if possible, independently of any others, and the result becomes available where the symbol appeared. The only difference between one symbol and another is the specific item to which the symbol resolves and the use made of that item. The only requirement is that every symbol must resolve to something that can legally appear at the location of the symbol.

Limit Signal Resolution

Hierarchical symbol resolution traverses the complete search path by default. You can truncate the search path by using thePermit Hierarchical Resolutionoption of any subsystem. This option controls what happens if the search reaches that subsystem without resolving to a workspace variable. ThePermit Hierarchical Resolutionvalues are:

If the search does not find a match in the workspace, and terminates because the value isExplicitOnlyorNone, Simulink evaluates the symbol as a function. The search succeeds or fails depending on the result of the evaluation, as previously described.

Explicit and Implicit Symbol Resolution

Models and some types of model entities have associated parameters that can affect symbol resolution. For example, suppose that a model includes a signal named Amplitude, and that aSimulink.Signalobject named Amplitude exists in an accessible workspace. If the Amplitude signal'sSignal name must resolve to Simulink signal objectoption is checked, the signal will resolve to the object. SeeSignal Properties Controlsfor more information.

If the option is not checked, the signal may or may not resolve to the object, depending on the value ofConfiguration Parameters>Data Validity>Signal resolution. This parameter can suppress resolution to the object even though the object exists, or it can specify that resolution occurs on the basis of the name match alone. For more information, seeModel Configuration Parameters: Data Validity Diagnostics>Signal resolution.

Resolution that occurs because an option such asSignal name must resolve to Simulink signal objectrequires it is calledexplicit symbol resolution. Resolution that occurs on the basis of name match alone, without an explicit specification, is calledimplicit symbol resolution.